⁶⁸Sir Ivor Richa rdson, Trends in Judgment Writing in the Court of Appeal, Legal Research Foundation Seminar: 2 March 2001. 48 delivered. In essence, just over 50% of cases in the Court of Appeal and House of Lords involved more than one judge delivering a judgment. It is, of course, only a snapshot. 96 The trend in the New Zealand Court of Appeal is summarised in a paper delivered in 2001 to a Legal Research Foundation seminar by the President of that Court, Sir Ivor Richardson. Sir Ivor said: The  incidence  of  multiple  judgments  has  significant  implications  for  the  workload  of  individual judges  and  for  the  court  as  a  whole.  Clearly  where  there  is  dissent  there  have to  be  at  least  two judgments.  That  aside,  there  have  been  distinct changes  in  our  practice  over  the  years. In  1960 multiple  judgments were delivered in 22%  of the cases, in 1980 it was 25%, in 1990  9%, 19 97 and 2000 6% and  4% respectively. What is all the more striking is that multiple judgments and  dissents are confine d large ly to civil ma tters, except perhap s in the early Bill of Rights years. That reflects the requirement of s 398 of the Crimes Act 1961  for a single judgment except where, in the opinion of the court, the question is a q uestion  of law on which  it would  be convenient that separate jud gments should be prono unced. It reflects the legislative importance attac hed to the certainty and finality of the result. Mo re broadly, the pro por tion of multiple judgments is a matter of judicial approach. There are at least   3   factors   at   play.   First,   workload   pressures   may   encourage   dividing   judgment   writing responsib ilities. Second, at the particular time  the court may put a lot of emphasis on trying to send a clear statement — perhaps at t he expense of burying or blurring differences in detail or masking com plexity. Third,  there is the influence of the personalities and attitudes of the particular set of Judges on the court at the time.⁶⁸ 97 Volume  1  of  the  New  Zealand  Law  Reports  for  2002  contains  reports  of  43 decisions of the Court of Appeal and Privy Council, in 8 of which more than one judgment was given. Volume 2 for the same year contains reports of 39 decisions of the Court of Appeal and Privy Council, in 10 of which more than one judgment